A
T-shirt (or
tee shirt) is a shirt,
usually button-less, collar-less, and pocket-less, with
a round neck and short sleeves, that is pulled on over
the head and covers most of a person's torso. There
are also long-sleeved
T-shirt and sleeveless
T-shirt variants.
T-shirts were originally worn as undershirts. This
still occurs, but T-shirts are now also frequently worn
as the only piece of clothing on the top half of the
body.
A T-shirt typically extends to the waist, although
one fashion is for "oversized" T-shirts. A more recent
trend in women's clothing involves tight-fitting "cropped"
T-shirts that are short enough to reveal the lower abdomen
including the belly button. T-shirt fashions include
styles for men and women, and for all age groups, including
baby, youth and adult sizes. T-shirts are often decorated
with text and/or pictures.
T-shirts are manufactured by the textile industry.
They are typically made of cotton or polyester fibers
(or a mix of the two), knitted together in a jersey
stitch that gives a T-shirt its distinctive soft texture.
T-shirt history
The idea of the T-shirt came to the USA during WWI
when US soldiers noticed the light cotton undershirts
European soldiers were using while the US soldiers sweated
in their wool uniforms. Since they were so much more
comfortable they quickly became popular among the Americans,
and because of their design they got the name T-shirt.
During WWII the T-shirt had become standard issue underwear
in both the U.S. Army and Navy. Although the T-shirt
was formally underwear, soldiers often used it without
a shirt covering it while doing heavy labor or while
stationed in locations with a hot climate. As a result,
the public was frequently exposed to pictures of members
of the armed forces wearing pants and a T-shirt. As
an example, the cover of the July 13, 1942 issue of
Life magazine, features a picture of a soldier wearing
a T-shirt with the text "Air corps gunnery school".
After WWII the T-shirt started appearing without
a shirt covering it in civilian life. According to the
New York Times, the 1948 presidential campaign
of Thomas E. Dewey produced a "Dew It for Dewey" T-shirt,
which was followed in 1952 by "I Like Ike" T-shirts
in support of Dwight D. Eisenhower. John Wayne, Marlon
Brando and James Dean all wore them on national TV.
At first the public was shocked, but by 1955 it had
become acceptable. The T-shirt became cool when James
Dean wore it in the film Rebel Without a Cause.
T-shirt decoration
In the 1960s, the Ringer T-shirt appeared and became
a staple fashion for youth and rock-n-rollers. People
also started to tie-dye and screen-print the basic T-shirt
and variants such as the tank top, A-shirt (with the
nickname "wife beater"), muscle shirt, scoop neck, V-neck
etc. became popular.
Since then T-shirts have become a medium for self-expression
and advertising, with any imaginable combination of
words, art and even photographs on display.
Other methods of decoration used on T-shirts include
airbrush, embroidery, and ironing on
either flock lettering, heat transfers, or Dye Sublimation
transfers. Laser printers are capable of printing on
plain paper using a special toner containing sublimation
dyes which can then be permanently heat-transferred
to T-shirts.
The most common form of commercial t-shirt decoration
is screen-printing. Shirts 4 Jerks uses this method. In screen-printing, a design is
separated into individual colors. Plastisol or water
based inks are applied to the shirt through mesh screens
which limits the areas where ink is deposited. In most
commercial t-shirt printing, the specific colors in
the design are used. To achieve a wider color spectrum
with a limited number of colors, process printing (using
only cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink) or simulated
process (using only white, black, red, green, blue,
and gold ink) is effective. Process printing is best
suited for light colored shirts. Simulated process is
best suited for dark colored shirts.
Since the late 1980s and especially the 1990s, T-shirts
with prominent brand-name logos have been popular, especially
with teenagers and young adults. These garments allowed
consumers to flaunt their taste in designer brands in
an inexpensive way, in addition to being decorative.
Examples include Calvin Klein, FUBU, Ralph Lauren,
and The Gap.
The late 1990s saw the renewed popularity of T-shirts
with slogans and designs, with a strong inclination
to the humorous and/or ironic. The trend has only increased
in this decade; embraced by celebrities, such as Britney
Spears and Paris Hilton, and reflected back on them,
too ('Team Aniston').
The story of the message tee embraces the modern
phenomenon of "personal branding" (indicating, in this
case, the wearer’s sense of humor), as well as a climate
in which statements - political or personal - are generally
preferred to be catchy than true . Notable was the popularity
of political slogans and messages on T-shirts coinciding
with the presidential election.
The political and social statements that T-shirts
often display have become, since the 1990s, one of the
reasons that they have so deeply permeated different
levels of culture and society. The statements also may
be found to be offensive, shocking or pornographic to
some. Many different organizations have caught on to
the statement-making trend, including chain and independent
stores, websites, and schools.